Budai László - English Grammar - Theory and Practice

Name: Budai László - English Grammar - Theory and Practice
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9631829863

Budai László - English Grammar - Theory and Practice

Preface	5
Abbreviations and symbols	7
Part One - The Verb Phrase
Classification of Verbs	11
Formal Classification of Verbs	11
The Inflectional Forms of English Verb	11
Regular Verbs	11
Irregular Verbs	14
Simple Forms and Compound Forms	14
One-Word Verbs and Group-Verbs	14
Functional Classification of Verbs	15
Full Verbs and Auxiliary Verbs	15
Non-Finites and Finites	16
Anomalous Finites	16
Table of Verb Forms	21
Exercises	22
The Conjugation of the English Verb	30
Simple Tenses	31
The Present Tense	31
The Past Tense	32
Compound Tenses	34
The Compound Forms of the Present Tense and the Past Tense	34
The Building Blocks of Compound Tenses	35
Tense Tables	37
Active Voice	37
Passive Voice	38
Exercises 24-40	39
Verb Categories	44
Mood	44
The Indicative Mood	44
The Imperative Mood	45
The Subjunctive Mood	45
Voice	46
The Active Voice	46
The Passive Voice	46
Aspect	47
The Common Aspect	48
The Continuous Aspect	48
Verbs Normally Used in the Continuous Aspect	49
Tense	50
Number and Person	54
Exercises 41-52	55
The Use of the Tenses	61
Tenses Expressing Present Time	61
The Present Tense	61
The Present Continuous Tense	63
The Present Perfect Tense	64
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense	66
Other Tenses Expressing Present Time	67
Tenses Expressing Past Time	68
The Past Tense	68
The Past Continuous Tense	70
The Past Perfect Tense	75
The Past Perfect Continuous Tense	80
Other Tenses Expressing Past Time	82
Tenses Expressing Future Time	86
The Future Tense	86
The Future Continuous Tense	89
The Future Perfect Tense	91
The Future Perfect Continuous Tense	92
Other Tenses Expressing Future Time	93
Exercises 53-76	95
Sequence of Tenses	120
Exercises 77-84	124
Various Concepts Expressed by the Anomalous Finites and Other Verb Forms	136
Condition	136
The Conditional Tenses	136
Conditional Sentences	137
Wish	141
Ability	143
Permission	145
Prohibition	146
Obligation, Necessity	148
Possibility, Probability, Likelihood	152
Miscellaneous Concepts	154
Willingness, Determination	154
Insistency, Refusal	155
Promises, Threats	155
Requests, Invitation	156
Surprise, Indignation, Disappointment, Joy, etc.	156
Concession	157
Hopes	157
Purpose	158
Admonition, Reproach	158
Preference	159
Indifference	159
Habit	160
Courage, Impudence	161
Exercises 85-97	161
Verb + Subject Complement (V + SC)	178
Link-Verbs or Copulas	178
The Subject Complement	178
Verb + Object(s) (V + O)	181
Transitive and Intransitive Verbs	182
The Object	182
Verb + Direct Object (V + DO)	187
Verb + Direct Object + Direct Object (V + DO + DO)	187
Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object (V + IO + DO)	187
Verb + (Direct Object) + to/for + Indirect Object (V + (DO) + to/for + IO)	188
Verb + Prepositional Object (V + PO)	188
Verb + Object + Object Complement (V + O + OC)	189
Verb + Adverbial Modifier(S) (V + AdvM)	190
The Adverbial Modifier	192
Adverbs Modifying Verbs	192
Forms of Adverbs	193
Classification of Adverbs According to Meaning	193
Adverbs and Adjectives with the Same Form	195
Adverbs with Two Forms	196
Summary of Verb Phrases	198
Formal Classification of Verb Phrases	198
Functional Classification of Verb Phrases	199
Exercises 98-105	200
Part Two - The Verbal Phrase
Non-Finite Forms of the Verb (Verbals)	207
Tables of the Verbals	207
Table of the Infinitive	207
Tabel of the Gerund and the Participle	208
haracteristics of the Verbals	209
Exercises 106-126	212
The Syntactic Functions of the Verbal Phrase	223
The Verbal Phrase as Subject	223
The Verbal Phrase as Grammatical Subject	223
The Verbal Phrase in Sentences with Preparatory 'It'	223
Exercises 127-132	228
The Verbal Phrase as Subject Complement	231
Nominative with the Infinitive	231
Nominative with the Participle	233
Exercises 133-138	234
The Verbal Phrase as Object	238
The Infinitive Phrase as Object	238
The Gerundial Phrase as Object	240
Verbs Followed by the Infinitive or the Gerund	242
Exercises 139-149	246
The Verbal Phrase as Object Complement	252
Accusative with the Infinitive	252
Accusative with the Participle	257
Exercises 150-158	260
The Verbal Phrase as Adverbial Modifier	265
The Infinitive Phrase as Adverbial Modifier	265
The Gerundial Phrase as Adverbial Modifier	265
The Participial Phrase as Adverbial Modifier	266
Exeercises 159-168	268
The Verbal Phrase as Noun Modifier	277
The Infinitive Phrase as Postmodifier	277
The Gerund as Premodifier	279
The Participle as Noun Modifier	280
Exercises 169-185	283
The Verbal Phrase as Modifier of an Adjective	292
The Infinitive Phrase as Modifier of an Adjective	292
The Gerundial Phrase as Modifier of an Adjective	295
Exercises 186-194	296
Additional Notes on the Verbal Phrase	302
The Logical Subject of the Gerund	302
The Infinitive Phrase after Question-Words	304
The Split Infinitive	304
The Particle "to" without the Infinitive	305
The Gerund and the Verbal Noun	305
Summary of the Functions of Verbal Phrases	306
Revision Exercises I (Exercises 195-200)	308
Part Three - I. The Noun Phrase
The Noun	319
Formal Caracteristics of Nouns	319
Formal Classification of Nouns	319
Formation of the Plural	320
Formation of the Genitive	322
Noun Categories	323
Logical Categories of Nouns	323
Number	324
Gender	332
Case	333
Exercises 201-226	334
Determiners	345
Classification of Determiners	345
The Articles	354
Forms of the Articles	354
Common Uses of the Articles	355
Use of the Definite Article	356
Use of the Indefinite Article	362
Use of the Zero Article	366
Use of the Articles with Proper Nouns	374
The Pronoun as Determiner	379
The Demonstrative Pronoun as Determiner	379
The Possessive Pronoun as Determiner	379
The Interrogative Pronoun as Determiner	381
The Indefinite Pronoun as Determiner	382
Numerals as Determiners	392
Adjectives as Determiners	392
Exercises 227-243	393
Modifiers	413
Premodifiers	414
Adjectives as Premodifiers	414
Nouns as Premodifiers	414
Miscellaneous Premodifiers	418
Postmodifiers	419
Adjectives as Postmodifiers	419
Adverbs as Postmodifiers	420
Nouns as Postmodifiers (Apposition)	420
The Prepositional Phrase as Postmodifier	421
Clauses as Postmodifiers	423
Exercises 244-262	430
Noun Substitutes	441
The Pronoun as Noun Substitute	441
The Personal Pronoun	441
The Possessive Pronoun as Noun Substitute	443
The Reflexive and Emphasizing Pronoun (Self-Pronoun)	443
The Reciprocal Pronoun	444
The Demonstrative Pronoun as Noun Substitute	444
The Interrogative Pronoun as Noun Substitute	445
The Indefinite Pronoun as Noun Substitute	446
The Numeral as Noun Substitute	449
Exercises 263-275	449
Summary of Noun Phrases	458
The Prepositional Phrase
The Preposition	459
Formal Characteristics of Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases	459
The Functions of the Prepositional Phrase	461
Exercises 276-280	462
The Adjectival Phrase
The Adjective	467
Classification of Adjectives	467
Comparison of Adjectives	468
Modification of Adjectives	470
Premodifiers of Adjectives	470
Postmodifiers of Adjectives	471
Functions of the Adjectival Phrase	474
Exercises 281-287	475
Revision Exercises II (Exercises 288-289)	479
Part Four - Sentences
General Characteristics of Sentences	485
Definition of the Sentence	485
Classification of Sentences	486
Structural Classification of Sentences	486
Functional Classification of Sentences	487
Exercises 290-293	488
Structure of the Sentence	491
Subject + Verb	491
Positions of the Subject in the Sentence	492
Agreement between Subject and the Finite Verb	502
Kinds of Subject	506
Exercises 294-310	510
Subject + Predicate	523
Exercises 311-320	534
Compound Sentences	543
Exercises 321-325	545
Complex Sentences	549
Noun Clauses	550
Adverbial Clauses	556
Exercises 326-331	558
Revision Exercises III. (Exercise 332)	563
Appendix
Irregular Verbs	569
Nouns	575
Irregular Plurals	575
Plurals with Different Meaning	579
Gender	580
Numerals	582
Cardinal Numbers	582
Ordinal Numbers	583
Irregular Forms of Comparison	586
Key to Exercises Based on Texts	588
Key to Translation Exercises	591
Bibliography	620
Index	623